Should animals be used for research Essay

How Immoral it is to Use Animals for Research? Modern society in its selection of what is acceptable and what is not exceeds all the boundaries of illogicality and inconsequence. It is alright to kill unborn children, who cannot defend themselves or even say their opinion about it, yet it is a dreadful crime for a person to smoke of his or hers free will. It is a good deed to give your money to somebody else and it is immoral to spend it on yourself. There is nothing wrong about conducting dangerous and harmful experiments on animals, but it is evil to hunt them. The man for some mysterious reason thinks that he has right to do everything he wants with the animals just because he possesses reason and they not; maybe it is true, maybe he just cannot communicate with them, it doesn’t matter. The important thing here is the fact that he considers living beings to be the object and treats them correspondingly, although they still have life of their own, as well as feelings, memory, ability to feel pain, fear and die. It is beyond me, actually, what may be the reasoning behind letting to torture, maim and deprive animals of their normal existence for the sake of anything, be it called scientific progress or mere curiosity. It is much worse than to simply kill them – actually, killing is the natural part of the natural world and there is nothing metaphysically frightening about it, for animals were doing it for billions of years when the human only appeared. But experimenting on them is something totally new and much worse – there is no immediate destruction, but exactly the deprivation of life. Maybe animals are not capable of understanding what is happening to them – but they can feel that it is something wrong.

Social Psychology And Social Justice - 1322 Words

One of notable contributions of social psychology is research on social justice (Jost Kay, 2010), racism, and prejudice (Ross, Lepper, Ward, 2010). Within the topic of social justice, themes such as equality, equity, liberty, morality, and others are studied. The surge of academic attention in social justice post World War II partially attributes to the political interest in fighting fascism. Nevertheless, issues that are related social equality are continuing to be relevant today. A challenging aspect of this topic is a lack of consensus among scholars with regards to its definition. Moreover, understandings of social justice require integration of individual, group, and system level insights. Holding a balance between subjective and objective experiences with respect to what construed as just is essential. Understandings gained from research would assist researchers to identify obstacles to fair community including selfishness, laziness, human tendency to dehumanize perceived ene mies, and common social misconceptions. Research results can assist the public to encourage dialogues integral to social justice (Jost Kay, 2010). The study of prejudice, stereotyping, and racism has been a major theme in social psychology reflecting concerns of society (Jost Kay, 2010). History of colonization contributed to Europeans’ prejudice against people of color (Tuffin, 2004). For centuries, racism was used to justify the advancement of European nations. In the 18th century, theShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review: Ideas of Social Justice and Equity in Psychology and Education1121 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social change and social function has actually been concentrated largely on equity problems, although their working meanings, both implicit and specific, mirror a spectrum of meanings varying from easy activism around race, gender, and poverty, to more nuanced understandings of the effect of modern technology advancements, range, globalization, along with the eco-friendly environment. 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Role of Global Mncs in Governance

Question: Discuss about theRole of Global MNCs in Governance. Answer: Introduction: In the era of globalisation, the spread of operations of multinational corporations has become unprecedented which has led to humongous wealth generation. Such is the capacity of wealth generation of these corporations that they dwarf the total GDP of a host of nations including some bigger nations. It is estimated that the MNCs generate a sales in excess of USD 28 trillion annually and provide direct employment to over 70 million people globally. As a result of this immense spread and wealth creation, there arises the need for them to protect their commercial interests which requires indirect interference in governance through collusion with politicians and other influential stakeholders (Cutler, 2003). It is imperative that the forging of tacit relationships with MNCs serves the government well especially in underdeveloped and developing nations. This is because most of these nations are bestowed with rich mineral resources and other factor endowments but lack the requisite capital, technology and management to exploit these resources. Hence, the national governments go out of the line to provide these MNCs with an enabling environment so as to incentivise them for setting shop. However, in the process, the government ends up giving up its autonomy by surrendering to the profit making intentions of these companies. In the pretext of bringing development, these MNCs demand tax credits and guarantees from the government with regards to protection from nationalisation (Detomasi, 2015). There are frequent interventions in the policy sphere which are tailored as per these needs especially with regards to labour regulation. In the process, there are adverse consequences for the domestic industries, labour and also the local environment. Hence, while these countries assume that they are gaining, there are actually not gaining much as the long term effects negative effects are essentially hidden (Cutler, 2003). In the developed world, the role of government has receded ever since Thatcherism has gained prevalence and privatisation has gained a solid hold. This results in even essential services being privatised in the name of efficiency. However, in certain cases, a monopoly is created which in collusion with politicians is exploited due to which the consumers have to pay utility charges that are unreasonably high. A case in point is that of Enron which has developed a virtual monopoly on energy trading business in the US and hence could control the electricity prices by leveraging political contacts (Gourevitch Shinn, 2005). From the above, it may seem that MNC tend to abuse their power in order to serve their interests. Through the aid of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) measures, these MNC can potentially act as change agents especially for the poor nations (Detomasi, 2015). However, there is no denying that on account of their economic power, MNC would continue to act as significant players in the governance. The requisite approach is to ensure that accountability of usage of this power is enhanced through global measures by involving consumer awareness. Also, the state regulation mechanism needs to be strengthened so as to reinstate adequate checks and balances to prevent abuse of power (Abbott Snidal, 2009). References Abbott, KW Snidal, D 2009, Strengthening international regulation through transnational new governance, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,vol. 42, no.2, pp. 501578 Cutler, C 2003, Private power and global authority: Transnational merchant law in the global political economy, 4th ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Detomasi, D 2015, The Multinational Corporation as a Political Actor: Varieties of Capitalism Revisited, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 128, No.3, pp.685-700 Gourevitch, PA Shinn, J 2005, Political power corporate control: The new global politics of corporate governance. 3rd ed., Princeton University Press, Princeton